What is GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)?

GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) is a condition in which stomach contents flow back into the esophagus. Reflux can occur every now and then in all healthy adults and children, however when reflux is recurrent and persistent, it can lead to bothersome symptoms as well as damage to the lining of the esophagus.

What Causes GERD?

The main mechanism of GERD is an impaired function of the lower esophageal muscles. The diaphram and the muscles in the lower esophagus (lower esophageal sphincter) create a barrier which prevents stomach contents from regurgitating back into the esophagus. When there is a dysfunction with this anti-reflux barrier, gastro-esophageal reflux disease can ensue

Factors that can cause GERD or trigger symptoms of GERD include:

  • Hiatal hernia – a condition where part of the stomach pushes into the chest, disrupting the anti-reflux barrier and causing reflux
  • Obesity
  • Pregnancy
  • Trigger foods such as chocolate, peppermint, caffeine
  • Certain medications

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What are the Common Symptoms of GERD?

Symptoms of GERD include:

  • Heartburn: A burning sensation in the chest.
  • Regurgitation: when stomach contents flow back into your mouth or throat
  • Chest Pain: Discomfort that may mimic heart issues.
  • Odynophagia: Pain when swallowing if the esophagus is inflammed
  • Dysphagia: difficulty in swallowing -the sensation of food getting stuck in the esophagus
  • Persistent sore throat and cough
  • Hoarseness of voice

When to See a Doctor for GERD?

  • Difficulty or pain on swallowing
  • Frequent or persistent reflux and heartburn
  • Recurrent vomiting
  • Vomiting of blood or black material
  • Losing weight without trying
  • Developing new symptoms of reflux above the age of 60

If you experience chest pain or discomfort, see a doctor urgently to rule out any emergency conditions, such as a heart attack.

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How is GERD Diagnosed?

GERD is usually diagnosed based on clinical symptoms. Other tests that may be ordered for further investigations are:

  • Upper Endoscopy: To examine the lining of the esophagus and stomach
  • Esophageal PH study: This test measures how often and for how long stomach acid is present in the esophagus

What are the Treatment Options for GERD?

Treatments of GERD can be classified into 3 categories:

Lifestyle Modifications: Changing your daily habits is crucial for managing GERD. Helpful tips include:

  • Maintain a healthy weight.
  • Avoid lying down right after heavy meals, and avoid eating in the last 4 hours before going to bed
  • Limit trigger foods like caffeine, chocolate, peppermint, alcohol, fatty foods
  • Avoid smoking and alcohol
  • Eat smaller, more frequent meals instead of larger portions.
  • Raise the head of the bed by 6-8 inches

Medications: Common treatments include:

  • Antacids: Help neutralize stomach acid and provide short-term relief from heartburn
  • Proton Pump Inhibitors and Histamine Blockers: Decrease stomach acid production.

Surgery: In a small number of patients with GERD, surgical intervention may be considered. Surgical options aim to repair a hiatal hernia, and strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter. The most common anti-reflux surgery is called a Nissen fundoplication, which involves creating a partial wrap around the lower esophagus to prevent reflux.

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What are the Possible Complications of GERD?

If left untreated, complications of GERD can include:

  • Esophagitis: Inflammation and ulcers of the esophagus
  • Stricture: Narrowing of the esophagus, leading to difficulty swallowing food.
  • Precancerous Changes: If untreated, GERD can cause changes in the lining of the esophagus that may increase the risk of esophageal cancer

Why Choose Reem Hospital for GERD Treatment?

At Reem Hospital Abu Dhabi, we offer top-notch treatments and technologies for GERD, supported by our highly skilled doctors with extensive experience in managing this condition. We are committed to providing the latest evidence based treatments ensuring healthcare excellence and patient satisfaction.

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Written By
Dr. Rahaf Wagdy

Medical Content Writer

Dr. Rahaf Wagdy is an Egyptian nuclear radiologist and medical content creator who merges her clinical expertise with digital creativity. With over five years of experience in medical content writing in both Arabic and English, she is dedicated to simplifying...

Medically Reviewed By
Dr. Sherine Abdalla

Consultant Gastroenterologist

Dr. Sherine Abdalla is an American board-certified consultant in gastroenterology and hepatology. She earned her medical degree from the University of Alexandria in Egypt before completing her residency in internal medicine and an advanced subspecialty fellowship in gastroenterology and hepatology...

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Dr. Emad Al Rahmani

Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Consultant Gastroenterology & Hepatology - Chief Medical Officer
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Dr. Louay Roueili

Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Specialist Gastroenterology & Hepatology
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Dr. Marwan Dadoush

Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Consultant Gastroenterology
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Dr. Sherine Abdalla

Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Consultant Gastroenterologist
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GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease) FAQs:

  • How long does it take for GERD treatments to work?

  • Can GERD be managed with over-the-counter medications?

  • Is GERD hereditary?

  • Can GERD be managed without medication?

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الحمد لله علي التعافي ورحلة العلاج اولا هذا من فضل ربي ثم مجهودات القائمين علي المستشفي والعياده الدكتور احمد عبدالفتاح بيومي نوفل وطبعا مينفعش انسي الممرضين ولا الاستقبال الاستاذه كريمه علي... see more

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