HMPV(HUMAN METAPNEUMOVIRUS): CAUSES, SYMPTOMS, DIAGNOSIS & TREATMENT

What is HMPV (Human Metapneumovirus)?

HMPV (Human Metapneumovirus) is a contagious respiratory disease caused by a virus from the pneumoviridae family. It has a seasonal distribution, typically occurring in late winter and spring. The virus spreads through respiratory droplets and can cause mild upper respiratory infections with symptoms similar to the common cold. In severe cases, it can lead to pneumonia. 

Whom does HMPV Affect?

Children are the most commonly affected age group, but adults, especially those who are immunocompromised (such as individuals with chronic diseases or those experiencing frequent infections more than three times per year), and the elderly, can also become easily infected. 

How common is human metapneumovirus?

Around 1 in 10 children with respiratory illnesses are affected by HMPV (Human Metapneumovirus). While most cases are mild, approximately 1 in 100 children may develop more severe infections, such as pneumonia.

Causes of HMPV

HMPV (Human Metapneumovirus) is a viral infection caused by a virus that, when introduced to the body’s cells, uses them to make more copies of itself, leading to respiratory infections. It belongs to the same family of viruses that cause RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus), measles, and mumps.

Is Human Metapneumovirus Contagious? 

HMPV is a rapidly replicating virus, meaning it spreads quickly through personal contact or respiratory droplets between individuals. This makes it important to follow strict precautions and isolate yourself as soon as you suspect an infection.  

How does HMPV spread?

 The primary ways HMPV spreads are: 

1. Respiratory secretions or droplets. 

2. Direct contact, such as touching or shaking hands with an infected person. 

3. Touching surfaces contaminated with the virus. 

What are the Symptoms of HMPV?

 Symptoms are similar to those of upper respiratory infections, such as: 

1. Cough 

2. Fever 

3. Sore throat 

4. Body aches 

5. Hoarseness of voice (sometimes associated) 

How worried should we be about the HMPV virus?  

You don’t need to worry too much, as this condition is similar to other chest infections. Just follow the necessary precautions and instructions, especially if you have children, elderly individuals, or people with chronic conditions around.  

Complications have only been recorded in individuals with poorly controlled health conditions. 

Make sure to boost your immunity, isolate any infected family members to prevent the spread of infection, avoid sharing personal items, and follow the doctor’s advice and prescribed treatment. 

Diagnosis of HMPV 

Diagnosis is mainly based on symptoms and by excluding other causes of similar symptoms. If you experience any of the symptoms mentioned above, it’s important to see a doctor for assessment. If the doctor suspects HMPV, they may request lab tests to confirm the diagnosis. 

How to Protect Yourself and Your Family from the HMPV Virus: 

1. Practice good hygiene: Wash your hands frequently—after using the toilet, before eating, and after touching your face (nose, mouth, eyes). 

2. Cover your mouth and nose: Use a tissue or cough/sneeze into your elbow to prevent the spread of germs. 

3. Wear a mask: In crowded places or around people who are unwell, wear a mask to reduce the risk of infection. 

4. Avoid close contact: Stay away from people showing symptoms of illness. If you must interact with them, wear a mask and wash your hands thoroughly (for at least 10 seconds) afterward. 

5. Use hand sanitizer: When soap and water aren’t available, use hand sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol. 

6. Stay home if you’re sick: If you feel unwell, avoid going out or interacting with others to prevent spreading the infection. 

7. Boost your immunity: Stay hydrated, exercise regularly, and eat foods rich in vitamin C (like citrus fruits) and fiber. Consume antioxidant-rich foods and drink warm beverages, especially during fall and winter. 

8. Consult a doctor: If you’re feeling unwell, seek medical advice for proper guidance. 

Treatment for HMPV Virus 

• The first step is to consult a doctor who will create a personalized treatment plan for you. 

• Good hydration is essential: drink at least 1 to 2 liters of water per day, along with warm drinks and soup to provide hydration, minerals, and nutrients. 

• Although there’s no specific treatment for the virus, Supportive measures play a major role in your recovery and show effective results, including: 

• Vitamins (e.g., effervescent vitamin supplements) 

• Cough syrup 

• Oxygen therapy (if required) 

• If a bacterial infection is present, the doctor may prescribe antibiotics. It’s important to: 
  • Take antibiotics as prescribed 
  • Complete the full course with the correct dosage without gaps 

Human Metapneumovirus FAQs 

1.How long do the symptoms of HMPV last? 

Symptoms of HMPV typically appear within 3 to 5 days, though the duration can vary depending on the individual, the severity of the condition, and the viral load (the amount of virus present and growing in your body). This is why it’s important to seek medical help as soon as possible. 

2. Can you get HMPV twice? 

Yes, reinfection is possible if you didn’t follow the instructions or complete the prescribed treatment plan. While it’s also possible to protect yourself and clear the virus effectively, the widespread nature of the virus, especially during a pandemic, can still lead to reinfection. 

3. How do you get tested for human metapneumovirus?

If the doctor suspects an HMPV infection, they may request blood tests to provide clues about the nature of the infection. They may also ask for a PCR test using a swab from the nose or throat to detect the presence of the virus. 

4. How long does it take to recover from HMPV? 

One week may be enough to recover from the virus, although consulting your doctor for personalized advice will provide a more accurate assessment based on your specific case. 

5. Can you take antibiotics for HMPV? 

Yes, in some cases, a bacterial infection can occur alongside the virus. Symptoms like greenish sputum or a sudden increase in body temperature may indicate a bacterial co-infection, which may require the use of antibiotics. 

6. Is there a vaccine or treatment for HMPV Virus? 

A vaccine for the virus has not yet been developed, although many trials are ongoing. Currently, there is no specific vaccine or treatment approved. However, supportive care and general antiviral treatments (in severe cases) have shown effective results in managing the infection.