What is Asthma?
Asthma is a long-term condition that affects the lungs, making breathing difficult. It persists over time and requires ongoing medical care.
In the UAE, asthma impacts 8 to 12 out of every 100 people, including individuals aged 20 to 44. Without proper treatment, asthma can become life-threatening.
Types of Asthma
Types of Asthma by Severity
Asthma can be classified into three main categories based on severity: mild, moderate, and severe.
Here are the specific types:
- Occupational Asthma: This type develops in individuals who are exposed to irritating substances in their workplace.
- Allergic Asthma: Triggered by allergens like mold, pollen, and pet dander.
- Intermittent Asthma: Characterized by episodes of symptoms, allowing individuals to feel normal between flare-ups.
- Persistent Asthma: Symptoms occur frequently, affecting the lungs’ ability to exchange gases, making it harder to eliminate carbon dioxide and take in oxygen.
- Pediatric Asthma: Also known as childhood asthma, this typically begins before the age of 5 and can affect infants and toddlers. Some children may outgrow it, so it’s important to discuss management options with a healthcare provider.
- Exercise-Induced Asthma: Triggered by physical activity, leading to asthma symptoms during or after exercise.
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Causes of Asthma
- Genetics: A family history of asthma or allergic diseases can elevate your risk of developing asthma.
- Allergies: Having allergies can increase your risk of developing asthma.
- Environmental Factors: Exposure to irritants in the environment, such as allergens, toxins, fumes, and smoke, can lead to asthma. This is particularly harmful to infants and young children, whose immune systems are still developing.
- Respiratory Infections: Certain respiratory infections, such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), can harm the developing lungs of young children, predisposing them to asthma.
Common Symptoms of Asthma
Common symptoms of asthma include:
- Coughing: Frequent coughing and wheezing, particularly at night or during exercise.
- Shortness of Breath: Difficulty breathing or a feeling of breathlessness.
- Chest Tightness or Pressure: A sensation of tightness or discomfort in the chest.
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When to See a Doctor for Asthma?
You should consider seeking medical help in the following conditions:
Contact Your Doctor:
- If You Think You Have Asthma: If you have frequent coughing or wheezing lasting more than a week, see your doctor as early treatment can prevent long-term lung damage.
- To Monitor Your Asthma: If you’re diagnosed with asthma, work with your doctor to keep it under control. Good management helps you feel better and reduces the risk of serious attacks.
- If Symptoms Worsen: Contact your doctor to say if your medication isn’t helping or if you need your quick-relief inhaler more often.
Emergency Treatment:
Severe asthma attacks can be life-threatening. Signs of an asthma emergency include:
- Rapid escalating worsening of shortness of breath or loud chest wheezing.
- No improvement after using a quick-relief inhaler.
- Shortness of breath with minimal activity.
Asthma Diagnosis
Your pulmonologist will recommend the most appropriate test for you based on your condition: medical history, clinical examination, and the following tests:
- FeNO Test: You breathe into a machine that measures nitric oxide in your breath, which indicates lung inflammation.
- Spirometry: You exhale into a machine that measures how quickly you can breathe out and the volume of air your lungs can hold.
- Peak Flow Test: You blow into a handheld device that assesses how fast you can exhale. This test may be done several times over a few weeks to track changes.
After evaluating the test results, your doctor will develop the most suitable treatment plan for you.
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Asthma Treatment
You have several options to help manage your asthma. Your healthcare provider may prescribe medications to control your symptoms, including one or more of the following:
- Bronchodilators: These medications relax the muscles around your airways, making it easier to breathe and allowing mucus to clear out. They can be used for both intermittent and chronic asthma. There are two forms of bronchodilators, and your pulmonologist will advise you on the best way to take them.
- Anti-Inflammatory Medications: These reduce swelling and mucus production in your airways, helping air flow in and out of your lungs. Your provider may prescribe them for daily use to manage chronic asthma symptoms. There are also two forms of these medications, and your pulmonologist will guide you on the best way to take them.
- Biologic Therapies: These are the newest treatments for asthma and are used for severe cases when symptoms continue despite proper inhaler use. Biologic therapies are administered as injections every 2 to 3 weeks, following consultation with your pulmonologist.
Why Choose Asthma Treatment at Reem Hospital, Abu Dhabi?
At Reem Hospital Abu Dhabi, we bring together top experts in asthma treatment and state-of-the-art technology, along with our unique urgent care services. We are available 24/7 to provide immediate asthma attack treatments. Our team is ready to administer the best treatments and ensure you receive the care you deserve.
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Last updated on January 18, 2025
Dr. Rahaf Wagdy is an Egyptian nuclear radiologist and medical content creator who merges her clinical expertise with digital creativity. With over five years of experience in medical content writing in both Arabic and English, she is dedicated to simplifying...
Medically Reviewed By
Dr. Jassem Abdou
Consultant Pulmonology - Head of department
Dr. Jassem Abdou is a renowned Consultant in Pulmonary Medicine and serves as the Head of the Department at Reem Hospital. With over three decades of experience, he is a French board-certified specialist in pulmonary medicine, having received his certification...
Meet Our Asthma Specialists
FAQs on Asthma Treatment
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How can I prevent asthma attacks?
- Identify Triggers: Understand what causes your asthma symptoms and take steps to avoid these triggers.
- Avoid Smoke: Limit exposure to all smoke, including tobacco. Do not allow smoking in your home or car, and avoid places where smoking occurs.
- Prevent Colds: Stay away from sick individuals, wash your hands frequently, and take precautions to maintain your health.
- Get Your Vaccinations: Receive a yearly flu shot and other recommended vaccinations to help prevent complications from respiratory infections.
- Consider Allergy Shots: If you have allergies, discuss immunotherapy with your doctor to help reduce symptoms and manage your asthma.
- Take Medications as Prescribed: Use your long-term asthma medications daily, even when you feel well, to control inflammation and prevent attacks.
- Follow Your Asthma Action Plan: Keep your inhaler nearby and adhere to your plan for managing symptoms and knowing when to seek help.
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How is asthma treated in children?
Managing asthma in children requires teamwork between a pulmonologist and a pediatrician. Common treatments include:
- Inhaled Corticosteroids: These are the primary treatments for asthma. They are safe, well-tolerated, and very effective.
- Antileukotrienes: These oral medications help prevent asthma symptoms.
- Biologic therapies: These are for severe asthma cases when other treatments are ineffective. There are five FDA-approved biologics for children:
- Dupilumab, Mepolizumab, and Omalizumab (for ages 6 and up)
- Benralizumab and Tezepelumab-ekko (for ages 12 and up)
Your child’s pulmonologist will conduct blood tests to determine the best biologic treatment. Depending on the medication, your child may need an injection every two weeks.
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What lifestyle changes can help manage asthma?
Understanding and Managing Your Asthma
Educate yourself about your condition, your medications, and how to prevent symptoms.
Know Your Triggers
Here are simple steps to help you avoid triggers:
- Pet Allergies: Keep furry pets out of your home or bedroom if their fur triggers your symptoms.
- Dust and Mold: Regularly clean your home to eliminate dust and mold.
- Outdoor Allergens: Limit outdoor activities on high allergen days, and keep windows closed.
- Prevent Infections: Discuss flu and pneumonia vaccines with your asthma specialist. Wash your hands frequently, especially after coming home, to reduce infection risk.
- Medication Awareness: Inform your asthma doctor about all the medications you take, as some can worsen asthma.
- Indoor Air Quality: Ensure proper ventilation with cooking and heating devices.
- Tobacco Smoke: Avoid all tobacco smoke, including secondhand smoke.
By following these steps, you can effectively manage your asthma and enjoy a healthier life.
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Can asthma go away naturally?
Asthma can improve significantly if you avoid triggers and the underlying causes, such as allergens, pollutants, or occupational exposures.
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Why is asthma worse at night?
Asthma can worsen during sleep for several reasons:
- Narrowed Airways: During sleep, your airways may narrow, leading to increased resistance and nighttime coughing.
- Reclining Position: Lying down can cause mucus buildup and increased airway resistance.
- Cooling Air: Sleeping in cooler conditions can trigger asthma symptoms.
- GERD: Acid reflux can irritate the airways, especially when lying down.
- Late Phase Response: Exposure to allergens can cause delayed airway obstruction hours later.
- Hormonal Changes: Hormone levels fluctuate during the night, affecting airway function.
Understanding these factors can help you manage your asthma more effectively during sleep.
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January 1, 2025
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